If the last century in Science belongs to Physical Sciences then this century must belong to Life Sciences with many breakthroughs partly arising from DNA and proteins! The proteins are biological macromolecules that are of primary importance to all living organisms and there are various open problems including the Nobel-Prize-type problem related to protein folding which controls the bodily functions. All these questions mainly depend on shape of the protein in 3-D which can be summarized in terms of either the configuration of points (landmarks) or more compactly by conformational angles. Thus it has led to new non-Euclidean statistical methods in shape analysis and directional data analysis. We will discuss the following topics with appropriate motivation:

- Protein alignment and Bayesian methods (Green and Mardia,2006; Green, Mardia Vysaul and Ruffieux 2010, Mardia et al, 2011)
- Statistical distribution of conformational angles and Ramachandran plots (Mardia, Taylor and Subramaniam, 2007)
- Prediction and simulation of protein structure (Boomsma, W., Mardia, K.V., Taylor, C.C., Ferkinghoff-Borg, J., Krogh A. and Hamelryck, T. ,2008 ).